Train types in Japan
Japan's public transportation system is renowned for its efficiency, punctuality, and convenience. Explore our comprehensive guide to understanding the various train types, from high-speed Shinkansen to local metro lines.
With a vast network of trains covering urban and rural areas, Japan offers an excellent way to explore the country. This guide provides an overview of the various types of trains in Japan and discusses the benefits of obtaining a Japan Rail Pass.
JR train types in Japan
The Japan Railways Group (JR) comprises six regional companies that provide extensive coverage across the country.
Shinkansen (bullet trains)
Up to 320 km/hJapan's iconic high-speed rail system, operating at speeds up to 320 km/h (200 mph). The Shinkansen network includes the Tokaido, Sanyo, Tohoku, Joetsu, Hokuriku, Kyushu, and Hokkaido lines.
Limited express trains
Up to 160 km/hThese trains offer faster services than regular express trains, with fewer stops and reserved seating options. They operate on major routes across Japan.
Express trains
Up to 130 km/hExpress trains make more stops than limited express trains but still offer a faster journey than local trains. Commonly used for medium to long-distance travel.
Rapid trains
Up to 100 km/hRapid trains operate on urban and suburban routes, stopping at fewer stations than local trains. Ideal for travelers moving between city centers.
Local trains
Up to 80 km/hLocal trains stop at all stations along their route. Perfect for short-distance travel and exploring rural areas at a relaxed pace.
The Shinkansen
The Shinkansen, also known as the "bullet train," is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan that revolutionized rail travel by providing fast, efficient, and comfortable transportation across the country.
Launched in 1964, the Shinkansen is known for its punctuality, safety record, and sleek aerodynamic design. The trains can reach speeds of up to 320 km/h, significantly cutting down travel time between major cities.
JR Pass coverage: The Japan Rail Pass covers most Shinkansen lines, including Hikari, Sakura, and Kodama services. Note: Nozomi and Mizuho trains require separate tickets. Learn about upgrades
Popular Shinkansen routes
Discover the most popular routes between major Japanese cities, all included in your JR Pass.
Metro and private railways
Not covered by JR Pass
Metro and subway lines in Tokyo, Osaka, and other cities are operated by separate companies and are not covered by the Japan Rail Pass.
- Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway
- Osaka Metro
- Private railways (Hankyu, Kintetsu, etc.)
- Tokyo Monorail
IC cards for non-JR trains
Use prepaid IC cards for metro lines and private railways. These work on all public transport and can also be used for vending machines and shops.
- Suica (Tokyo area)
- Pasmo (Tokyo area)
- ICOCA (Kansai area)
- Kitaca (Hokkaido)
JR lines by city
The JR Pass also covers local trains in major cities, making it easy to get around.
Tokyo
JR Yamanote Line
Circular line connecting Shinjuku, Shibuya, Ueno, and Tokyo Station
JR Chuo Line
East-west through central Tokyo via Shinjuku and Akihabara
JR Keihin-Tohoku Line
Connects Saitama, Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama
Osaka
JR Osaka Loop Line
Circular line connecting Osaka Station, Tennoji, and Kyobashi
JR Kyoto Line
Connects Osaka to Kyoto via Shin-Osaka
JR Kobe Line
Connects Osaka to Kobe via Sannomiya
Kyoto
JR Sagano Line
Connects Kyoto to Saga-Arashiyama bamboo groves
JR Nara Line
Connects Kyoto to Nara via Fushimi Inari
JR Biwako Line
Connects Kyoto to destinations along Lake Biwa
Hokkaido
JR Hakodate Main Line
Connects Hakodate to Sapporo via Otaru
JR Chitose Line
Connects Sapporo to New Chitose Airport
JR Muroran Main Line
Connects Sapporo to Noboribetsu hot springs
Benefits of the Japan Rail Pass
The JR Pass is the most cost-effective way to travel across Japan by train.
Significant savings
Save compared to individual tickets, especially for long-distance travel across Japan.
Ultimate convenience
No need to buy tickets for each journey. Travel spontaneously anywhere.
Flexible duration
Choose from 7, 14, or 21 consecutive days based on your travel plans.
Free reservations
Reserve seats at no extra cost on most JR trains at any JR ticket office.
Ready to explore Japan by train?
Order your JR Pass today and experience the convenience of unlimited travel.